Non-local transport nature revealed by the research in transient phenomena of toroidal plasma

Abstract The non-local transport nature revealed by the research in transient phenomena of toroidal plasma is reviewed. following are described: core temperature rise cold pulse, hysteresis gradient–flux relation modulation ECH experiment, and see-saw at internal barrier (ITB) formation. There two mechanisms for which cause phenomena. One radial propagation gradient turbulence. other a mediator coupling turbulence such as macro/mesoscale turbulence, MHD instability, zonal flow. Non-local has substantial impact on structure formations steady state. spreading into ITB region, magnetic island, SOL discussed.